I often see examples in PHP that include.inc files. What is the meaning of .inc? What it is used for? What are the disadvantages and advantages of using it?
php
Answers
2
This is how PHP expresses a closure. This is not evil at all and in fact it is quite powerful and useful.
Basically what this means is that you are allowing the anonymous function to "capture" local variables (in this case, $tax and a reference to $total) outside of it scope and preserve their values (or in the case of $total the reference to $total itself) as state within the anonymous function itself.
Thursday, November 3, 2022
5
Here's what worked best for me when trying to script this (in case anyone else comes across this like I did):
$ pecl -d php_suffix=5.6 install <package>
$ pecl uninstall -r <package>
$ pecl -d php_suffix=7.0 install <package>
$ pecl uninstall -r <package>
$ pecl -d php_suffix=7.1 install <package>
$ pecl uninstall -r <package>
The -d php_suffix=<version> piece allows you to set config values at run time vs pre-setting them with pecl config-set. The uninstall -r bit does not actually uninstall it (from the docs):
vagrant@homestead:~$ pecl help uninstall
pecl uninstall [options] [channel/]<package> ...
Uninstalls one or more PEAR packages. More than one package may be
specified at once. Prefix with channel name to uninstall from a
channel not in your default channel (pecl.php.net)
Options:
...
-r, --register-only
do not remove files, only register the packages as not installed
...
The uninstall line is necessary otherwise installing it will remove any previously installed version, even if it was for a different PHP version (ex: Installing an extension for PHP 7.0 would remove the 5.6 version if the package was still registered as installed).
Monday, December 12, 2022
3
Imagine you wrote this:
#define Max(a,b) (a < b ? b : a)
int x(){ turnLeft(); return 0; }
int y(){ turnRight(); return 1; }
then called it like this:
auto var = Max(x(), y());
Do you know that turnRight() will be executed twice? That macro, Max will expand to:
auto var = (x() < y() ? y() : x());
After evaluating the condition x() < y(), the program then takes the required branch between y() : x(): in our case true, which calls y() for the second time. See it Live On Coliru.
Simply put, passing an expression as an argument to your function-like macro, Max will potentially evaluate that expression twice, because the expression will be repeated where ever the macro parameter it takes on, is used in the macro's definition. Remember, macros are handled by the preprocessor.
So, bottom line is, do not use macros to define a function (actually an expression in this case) simply because you want it to be generic, while it can be effectively done using a function templates
PS: C++ has a std::max template function.
Friday, December 9, 2022
4
Never used any of those, but they look interesting..
Take a look at Gearman as well.. more overhead in systems like these but you get other cool stuff :) Guess it depends on your needs ..
Friday, November 11, 2022
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It has no meaning, it is just a file extension. It is some people's convention to name files with a .inc extension if that file is designed to be included by other PHP files, but it is only convention.
It does have a possible disadvantage which is that servers normally are not configured to parse .inc files as php, so if the file sits in your web root and your server is configured in the default way, a user could view your php source code in the .inc file by visiting the URL directly.
Its only possible advantage is that it is easy to identify which files are used as includes. Although simply giving them a .php extension and placing them in an includes folder has the same effect without the disadvantage mentioned above.